XML Schema Giriş ve Basit Tipler

Mehmetcan Şahin — Sat, 16 May 2015 00:00:00 +0000
XML Schema, XML DTDye karşın güçlü bir alternatif. XML Schema dili XML Schema Definition (XSD) olaraktan adlandırılmakta.</p>
Neden XML Schema dersek;</h2>
Veri tiplerini destekliyor.</li>
XML söz dizimi ile yazılıyor.</li>
Güvenli veri iletişimi sağlıyor.</li>
Esnek.</li> </ul>
<schema> elemanı</h2>
Kök eleman olan <schema></code> elemanıdır.</p>
<</span>xml</span> version</span>=</span>"</span>1.0</span>"</span>?</span>></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>schema</span>></span></span>
<!--</span> Kod Blok </span>--></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>schema</span>></span></span></code></pre>
<schema></code> elemanın etiketleri;</p>
<</span>xml</span> version</span>=</span>"</span>1.0</span>"</span>?</span>></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>schema</span></span>
		xmlns</span>:</span>xs</span>=</span>"</span>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema</span>"</span></span>
		targetNamespace</span>=</span>"</span>https://mehmetcan.sahin.dev</span>"</span></span>
		xmlns</span>=</span>"</span>https://mehmetcan.sahin.dev</span>"</span>></span></span>
<!--</span> Kod Blok </span>--></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>schema</span>></span></span></code></pre>
xmlns:xs</strong> etiketi http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema standartlarına göre tanımlamalar yapacağımızı belirtiyoruz.</p>
targetNamespace</strong> etiketi ile XML içerisinde tanımlaman niteliklerin bu isim uzayından geldiğini belirtir.</p>
xmlns</strong> etiketi bu XML bağlı olduğu isim uzayını belirtir.</p>
Referans olarak XSD çağırmak istersek.</p>
<</span>xml</span> version</span>=</span>"</span>1.0</span>"</span>?</span>></span></span>
<</span>kitaplar</span> xmlns</span>=</span>"</span>http://www.w3schools.com</span>"</span></span>
xmlns</span>:</span>xsi</span>=</span>"</span>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</span>"</span></span>
xsi</span>:</span>schemaLocation</span>=</span>"</span>https://mehmetcan.sahin.dev/kitaplar.xsd</span>"</span>></span></span>
<!--</span> XML </span>--></span></span></code></pre>
xsi:schemaLocation</strong> etiketi olduğu elemanın hangi adresteki XSD uygulayacağını belirtiyor.</p>
Basit Elemanlar</h2>
Eleman Tanımlama</h3>
XML'deki elemanları XSD tanımlamak için;</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>eleman-adi</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>eleman-tipi</span>"</span>/></span></span></code></pre>
Eleman Tipleri:</p>

xs:string</li>
xs:decimal</li>
xs:integer</li>
xs:boolean</li>
xs:date</li>
xs:time</li>
</ul>
Eleman tiplerini kullanarak kutuphane örneğimizde uygulayalım. Örnek XML:</p>
<</span>xml</span> version</span>=</span>"</span>1.0</span>"</span>?</span>></span></span>
<</span>adi</span>></span>Yunus Emre Divanı</span></</span>adi</span>></span>    </span></span>
<</span>yazar</span>></span>Selim Yağmur</span></</span>yazar</span>></span>    </span></span>
<</span>dil</span>></span>Türkçe</span></</span>dil</span>></span>    </span></span>
<</span>baski</span>></span>8</span></</span>baski</span>></span>    </span></span>
<</span>tarih</span>></span>2014/04/01</span></</span>tarih</span>></span></span></code></pre>
XSD ile tanımlayalım.</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>adi</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>yazar</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>dil</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>baski</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:integer</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>tarih</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:date</span>"</span>/></span></span></code></pre>
XSD eleman tanımlarken eğer varsayılan bir eleman ise default, eğer sabit ise fixed kullanırız.</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>dil</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span> fixed</span>=</span>"</span>Türkçe</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>baski</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:integer</span>"</span> default</span>=</span>"</span>1</span>"</span>/></span></span></code></pre>Etiket Tanımlama</h3>
Etiketleri tanımlamak için;</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>attribute</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>etiket-adi</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>etiket-tipi</span>"</span>/></span></span></code></pre>
Etiket Tipleri:</p>

xs:string</li>
xs:decimal</li>
xs:integer</li>
xs:boolean</li>
xs:date</li>
xs:time</li>
</ul>
Yine kutuphane örneğimizi kullanalım örnek XML;</p>
<</span>xml</span> version</span>=</span>"</span>1.0</span>"</span>?</span>></span></span>
<</span>kitap</span> isbn</span>=</span>"</span>9759954949</span>"</span>></span>Yunus Emre Divanı</span></</span>kitap</span>></span></span>
<</span>yazar</span> gorev</span>=</span>"</span>Derleyici</span>"</span>></span>Selim Yağmur</span></</span>yazar</span>></span></span></code></pre>
XSD ile etiketlerini tanımlayalım.</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>attribute</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>isbn</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:integer</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>attribute</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>gorev</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>/></span></span></code></pre>Kısıtlamalar</h3>
Eleman içerisinde olan değerleri kısıtlamak için genel yapı;</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>eleman-adi</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>eleman-tipi</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<!--</span> Kısıtlamalar </span>--></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Baskısı en az ve en fazla kaç alabileceğini belirlemek için minInclusive ve maxInclusive kullanıyoruz.</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>baski</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:integer</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>minInclusive</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>1</span>"</span>/></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>maxInclusive</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>500</span>"</span>/></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Baskı elemanın en az 1 en fazla 500 olarak belirledik.</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>yazar</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>enumeration</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>yazar</span>"</span>/></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>enumeration</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>cevirmen</span>"</span>/></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>enumeration</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>derleyici</span>"</span>/></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Yazarın görev elemanı için 3 seçenek belirliyoruz. Bir tane kısıtlama yazıp bunu bir çok yerde kullanmak için kısıtlamaları tipe çevirmemiz gerek.</p>
<!--</span> Eleman tanımlarken tip olarak oluşturacağınız kısıtlama adını yazmanız gerek </span>--></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>eleman-adi</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>kısıtlama-adi</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>kısıtlama-adi</span>"</span>></span></span>
	 <</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<!--</span> Kısıtlamalar </span>--></span></span>
	 </</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
<!--</span> Örnek </span>--></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>yazar</span>"</span> type</span>=</span>"</span>gorevKisitlama</span>"</span>/></span></span>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpleType</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>gorevKisitlama</span>"</span>></span></span>
	 <</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>enumeration</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>yazar</span>"</span>/></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>enumeration</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>cevirmen</span>"</span>/></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>enumeration</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>derleyici</span>"</span>/></span></span>
	 </</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpleType</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Desenler belirleyebilirsiniz;</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>eleman-ismi</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>desen</span>"</span>/></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
İlk karakteri küçük olan, diğerleri büyük olan bir desen tanımlayalım.</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>ad</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>[a-z]([A-Z])*</span>"</span>/></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Desenler ve açıklamaları</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>ad</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>[a-z]</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> Tek bir karekter ve küçük harfler </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>[A-Z]</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> Tek bir karekter ve büyük harfler </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>[a-zA-Z]</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> Tek bir karekter ve küçük veya büyük harfler </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z]</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> İki karekter ve küçük veya büyük harfler </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>xyz</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> Bir karekter ve x,y,z harflerinden biri </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>[0-9]</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> 0'dan 9'a kadar bir rakam </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>([a-z])*</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> İstenildiği kadar küçük harfler </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>([a-z])+</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> En az bir veya daha fazla harf </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>ahmet|mehmet</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> ahmet veya mehmet </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>pattern</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>([a-z])*</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> İstenildiği kadar küçük harfler </span>--></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Yukarıdaki desenleri teker teker deneyiniz. Boşluk işlemleri için;</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>ad</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>whiteSpace</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>preserve</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> #x9, #xA, #xD her hangi bir değişiklik yapmaz.</span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>whiteSpace</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>replace</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> #x9(tab), #xA, #xD karakterlerini #x20(boşluk) ile değiştir </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>whiteSpace</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>collapse</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> Boşlukları kaldırır </span>--></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Karakter uzunluğu işlemleri için;</p>
<</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span> name</span>=</span>"</span>ad</span>"</span>></span></span>
	<</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
		<</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span> base</span>=</span>"</span>xs:string</span>"</span>></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>length</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>5</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> Kaç karekter olması gerektiğini belirtiyor </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>minLength</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>1</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> En az az kaç karekter olması gerektiğini belirtiyor </span>--></span></span>
			<</span>xs</span>:</span>maxLength</span> value</span>=</span>"</span>10</span>"</span>/></span> <!--</span> En fazla kaç karekter olması gerektiğini belirtiyor </span>--></span></span>
		</</span>xs</span>:</span>restriction</span>></span></span>
	</</span>xs</span>:</span>simpletype</span>></span></span>
</</span>xs</span>:</span>element</span>></span></span></code></pre>
Kısıtlamalarda kullanılan tipler;</p>

enumeration : kabul edilen değerler</li>
fractionDigits : 2.4 burada . sonraki kaç sayı alacağını belirliyoruz.</li>
length : kaç karakter alacağını belirliyoruz</li>
maxExclusive : en fazla kaç sayısal değer alacağını belirliyoruz (belirtilen değerden az olması gerekir)</li>
maxInclusive : en fazla kaç sayısal değer alacağını belirliyoruz (belirtilen değerden az veya eşit olması gerekir)</li>
maxLength : en fazla kaç karakter alacağını belirliyoruz</li>
minExclusive : en az kaç sayısal değer alacağını belirliyoruz (belirtilen değerden fazla olması gerekir)</li>
minInclusive : en az kaç sayısal değer alacağını belirliyoruz (belirtilen değerden fazla veya eşit olması gerekir)</li>
minLength : en az kaç karakter alacağını belirliyoruz</li>
pattern : desen belirleyip ona göre değer almasını sağlıyoruz</li>
totalDigits : toplamda kaç karakter olması gerektiğini belirliyoruz</li>
whiteSpace : beyaz alan ile ilgili durumları belirliyoruz</li>
</ul>
Mehmetcan Şahin - schema

XML Schema Giriş ve Basit Tipler
